3rd International Congress on Biomedicine (ICB2019)
Nanoparticles united with stem cells: Revolutionary breakthrough in neurodegenerative diseases treatment.
Nanoparticles united with stem cells: Revolutionary breakthrough in neurodegenerative diseases treatment.
Jafar Asgharpourkhoei,1,*Hamed Montazeri,2
1. Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran 2. Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy-International Campus, Iran University of Medical Sciences , Tehran , Iran
Introduction: Have you ever asked yourself that how nanomedicine participates in neurodegenerative diseases treatment? Neurodegenerative diseases like Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are destructive diseases that have become progressively prevalent as longevity increases. For many years, it was believed that tissue of CNS has finite regenerative capacity or it is a non-regenerative tissue. However, recent progresses in cell transplantation and stem cell therapy have disputed this principle. Plenty of experiments have been done by transplantation of neural stem cells (NSC) and neural precursor cells (NPC) for neurodegenerative diseases, and results indicated that transplanted NSC and NPC not only improve the regeneration of neural or glial cells but also change diseased tissue ambience via their localization. But the greatest challenge rises when there is a necessity for assessing stem cells' migration, survival, and proliferation and differentiation invivo to assure scientists that stem cells have accomplished their maximum therapeutic potentials. One of the main avenues of investigation to address this issue is nanotechnology that has been universally expanded and nanoparticles have been progressively administered in medical and industrial fields. Discovery of nanoparticle provides a promising and trusting method for treatment of neurodegenerative diseases. That is why in recent years many studies have been focused on the role of nanoparticles as a promising tool of either therapy, diagnosis or both (theranostic); since nanoparticles are able to act as scaffold for neurogenesis. Furthermore nanoparticles enable us to control invasive properties of neural stem cells in patients' body. To sum up, in this review we provide an overview of using nanoparticles combined with stem cells in neurogenesis, invivo stem cell labeling and tracking, neurodegenerative diseases treatment and finally we highlight safety sketch of commercial nanoparticles in CNS.
Methods: In this review we tried to give a comprehensive information in a simple and understandable way about cooperation nanoparticles and stem cells in neurodegenerative diseases treatment. To do this we used google scholar as search engine and we searched for nanoparticles and stem cells cooperation. The key sentences that we used to find related articles were; nanomedicine in neurodegenerative diseases, stem cells labeling via nanoparticles, impact of nanoparticles in stem cell migration and proliferation.
Results: Application of nanoparticles with stem cells in neurodegenerative disease not only increases the degree of stem cells' migration, differentiation, survival and proliferation, but also provides a non-invasive method for stem cells ' labeling and tracking. Nevertheless, although large number of nanoparticles have safe and biocompatible profile, cytotoxic and inflammatory effects of most of the engineered nanoparticles prevent these novel particles from being accepted by FDA for stem cells labeling and tracking clinically. However, Ferumoxytol is the only iron oxide nanoparticle approved by FDA for stem cell labelling and tracking in clinical trials. In all, more attentions are paid and many studies are done on safety of nanoparticles to make them safe for clinical trials.
Conclusion: Nano-stem cell based therapy serves as a novel and promising approach that can overcome many barriers in neurogenesis issue and a revolutionary breakthrough in history of neurodegenerative disease treatment will occur in near future.