• Electrochemical sensors for hepatitis C virus detection
  • Fariba Ebrahimian,1 Mohammad mahdi eslampoor,2 sara fasihi,3 Sanaz asadpour,4,* fereshteh gholami,5
    1. Bachelor’s degree in health information technology Bpums ( Bushehr university of medical sciences) Bushehr,Iran
    2. Bachelor of school,anesthesia shahid sadoghi yazd Yazd,Iran
    3. bechelor of anesthesia, medical university of qom, qom, iran
    4. Medical emergency student, qazvin university of medical sciences, qazvin, iran
    5. Student Research Committee, bushehrUniversity of Medical Sciences, bushehr, Iran


  • Introduction: Hepatitis C is the most common liver disease caused by hepatitis C virus (HCV) and can cause health problems such as cirrhosis and liver carcinoma. Today, the early stage of the disease is practically undiagnosed, so it is an important problem in modern public health. Access to cost-effective diagnostic methods that can be deployed in the field are the main obstacles in the way of controlling and eradicating a many endemic and emerging infectious diseases. The aim of this article is to investigate biosensors for the direct detection of HCV surface antigen.
  • Methods: In the forthcoming systematic review, the required data were collected using keywords and citing valid databases such as Scopus, PubMed, Google Scholar and ProQuest. The statistical population includes all studies conducted until 2022 in the field of Electrochemical sensors for hepatitis C virus detection. After reviewing the relevant findings and evaluating the quality of the data, 16 articles were analyzed.
  • Results: 1. The electrochemical signal of the oxidized product, 2,3-diaminobenazine, is used to determine HCV DNA. This strategy is capable of sensitive detection of HCV DNA in a wide linear range in the range of 0.5-10 nM and has a detection limit of pM405.0. 2. The recommended detection limit of electrochemical paper-based analytical devices (ePAD) was 18.2 pg mL-1 for hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) and 1.19 pg mL-1 for hepatitis C surface antigen (HCVcAg). In addition, this proposed ePAD is also used in real clinical sera of patients to confirm its biological function. 3. Linear peptide was chosen as a cheaper and easier ligand for the preparation of HCV biosensor. The HCV biosensor obtained in the presence of interfering protein, channel albumin, showed selectivity towards E2. 4. Electrochemical detection of hepatitis C virus based on reduced magnetic nucleotides-assisted graphene oxide-copper nanocomposite, a DNA-assisted reduced magnetic copper oxide-graphene nanocomposite (mrGO-CuNCs), is proposed. 5. Bimetallic- Metal Organic Frameworks ( MOF)- based HCV electrochemical biosensors have several advantages for use. Among these advantages are: being cheap; high selectivity and sensitivity; Linear detection range from 1 fM to 100 nm and very low detection limit (0.64 fM). Consequently, this method opens the door to design more electrochemical biosensors related to the electrical and catalytic activity of bimetallic MOFs.
  • Conclusion: Developed gene sensors enable selective and specific detection of hepatitis C. Also, the ePAD sensor is very promising as a usable, portable and expandable sensor for other biological assays. Furthermore, the developed electrochemical HCV sensor is a simple, rapid and inexpensive alternative to existing methods for HCV detection and paves the way for hepatitis C care diagnosis.
  • Keywords: Electrochemical Techniques, Hepacivirus, hepatitis C virus