An overview of the coronavirus biology and its specific receptors

An overview of the coronavirus biology and its specific receptors
Tohid Javaheri,^1,* Nasser Mahdavi Shahri,²
1. Kavian Institute of Higher Education
2. Department of Biology , Faculty of Sciences , Ferdowsi University of Mashhad
Introduction: Introduction: Recently, the global epidemic of Covid19, which is caused by acute respiratory syndrome (SARS-COV-2), is spreading widely around the world. (SARS-COV-2) is a positive single-stranded RNA virus that can infect the respiratory tract and respiratory tract. The virus has at least four structural proteins protected throughout COV: Spike (S) protein, membrane protein (M), an envelope protein (E), and nucleocapsid protein (N). The Spike protein is responsible for binding to host cell receptors and entering the virus. Research to date on the new coronavirus has shown that the receptor (ACE2) is the major receptor for the virus, which has been shown to be on the outer membrane of the main cells of the lung, heart, kidney, arteries, and intestine. In addition to the receptor (ACE2), there is another membrane protein called CD147, which is a membrane-wide glycoprotein that can be used as a gene pass for coronavirus. Using molecular modeling methods and the results of bioinformatics studies, the researchers also found a structure to which Spike protein could be attached, called the Glucose Regulated Protein 78 (GRP78).
Methods: Method: In this study, we collected information by reviewing several articles and current sources in the world.
Results: Results: There are now widespread global concerns about the coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 crisis that originated in China, and it is important that we understand the biology of the virus and its surface proteins and specific receptors, how and by what mechanism the virus becomes more common with target cells.
Conclusion: Conclusion: This strategy makes us more efficient in defending against this virus, so providing existing and new information in the form of compiling and publishing review articles to teach and increase awareness and transfer important scientific concepts for the next generation. Recommended and in principle, the article has considered this important goal.
Keywords: Keywords: Covid19, Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, ACE2, CD147, GRP78, Surface Proteins