Genetic and cytogenetic aspects of globozoospermia: a mini review

Sama Amiri samani,1,* Fatemeh montazeri,2 Rozhia zangane,3 Neda roknadini,4 Samira hodjati firoozabadi,5 Hamed hosseinian,6

1. Biology department, Faculty of science and engineering, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
2. Abortion Research center, Reproductive Science Institute, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
3. National institute of genetic engineering and biotechnology, Medical biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
4. Biology department, Faculty of Science, Ashkezar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Yazd, Iran
5. Biology department, Faculty of science and engineering, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran
6. Biology department, Faculty of science and engineering, Science and Arts University, Yazd, Iran

Abstract

Introduction

Micrornas (mirnas) are short non-coding rnas (15-25 nt) which play essential regulatory roles through interaction with messenger rnas.

Methods

Among male diseases, globozoospermia (also called circle-headed sperm syndrome) recognized as a rare type of teratozoospermia that is responsible for <0.1% of male infertility. absence of acrosome, which is an event resulted in spermatogenesis, and round sperm head are its major features.

Results

The acrosomeless spermatozoon is not able to cross the zona pellucida and attach with the oolemma of the oocyte, and fertilization failures have been attributed to a deficiency in oocyte activation capacity, even when intracytoplasmic sperm injection (icsi) is attempted. pathogenesis of this illness is not discovered yet but genetic factors are possibly involved in this process.

Conclusion

Using markers of acrosome in globozoospermic cells, has depicted a lack or highly distorted acrosome. the compaction of chromatin seems to be deformed but is not consistently over-condensed or under-condensed. in some cases, escalation of the number of cells comes with dna fragmentation. the analysis of the cytogenetic compounds in some cases showed an increase in aneuploidy rate. although in pregnancies conceived after icsi, there was no increase in number of spontaneous abortions or congenital defects. the globozoospermia pathogenesis most likely originates from spermatogenesis, especially in acrosome establishment sperm head elongation.

Keywords

Globozoospermia, male infertility, acrosome, pathogenesis