Evaluation of adiponectin hormone in diabetic and non-diabetic patients

Nasser Shokri kalehsar,1,*

Abstract


Introduction

Adipose tissue is currently considered as a hormonally active system in the control of metabolism and not only as a store of excess energy.the term ‘adipocytokines’ has been coined to refer to a series of adipocyte-derived biologically active molecules which may influence the function as well as the structural integrity of other tissues. adiponectin is a recently discovered adipocytokine also referred to as gelatin-binding protein-28. it is a 244 amino acid protein, the product of the apm1 gene, which is specifically and highly expressed in human adipose cells. a physiological role for adiponectin has not been fully established however, experimental data suggest that adiponectin may have anti-atherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties

Methods

This case-control study was performed on 100 subjects, (50 diabetics) and (50 nondiabetics). the subjects were randomly selected and matched for age, sex, and body mass index (bmi). standing height and body weight were measured and body mass index (bmi) (kg/m2) was obtained. blood sampling was performed in the morning after 12 h fast. blood glucose was measured by the glucose oxidase method, a serum lipid [total cholesterol (tc), tg, hdl-c], were measured using commercially available kits. low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (ldl-c) was estimated using the friedewald’s formula, and the atherogenic index was calculated by the formula: (tc-hdl-c) /hdl-c. adiponectin was measured by a competitive ria using a commercial reagent kit from assay pro (ea2500-1) with a day – to –day variability at adiponectin concentration. all data are expressed as mean ± s.d. differences in frequencies were analyzed through the chi-square method. comparison of the continuous data between the two groups was performed by one-way analysis of variance (anova). linear relationships between key variables were determined using pearson’s correlation coefficient, while a multiple linear regression analysis was performed to evaluate independent relationships of the variables. a value of p<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.

Results

We were able to demonstrate a strong and highly significant (p<0.0001) positive correlation between adiponectin and hdl-cholesterol levels (regression analysis: r= 0.86). adiponectin serum levels were correlated to hdl-cholesterol even if factors such as age, gender, bmi and fasting insulin concentration were excluded. adiponectin seems to predict hdl-cholesterol levels in patients with diabetes mellitus type 2 independent from common metabolic factors. low levels of adiponectin are associated with low levels of hdl-cholesterol and might represent an independent cardiovascular risk factor whereas high levels of adiponectin are associated with high levels of hdl-cholesterol indicating a protective risk profile.

Conclusion

Although the total physiological role of adiponectin is as yet unclear, experimental studies have indicated that adiponectin has potential antiatherogenic and anti-inflammatory properties. hotta et al (2000). reported that the significant negative correlation is observed between adiponectin and tg levels and positive correlation between adiponectin and hdl-c levels in type 2 diabetes. yamauchi et al (2001, 2003). reported that adiponectin administration leads to decreased muscle and liver tg content increasing combustion of ffa in obese and diabetic mice. arita et al (1999) showed that mean plasma adiponectin levels were 3.7 µg/ml in a group of obese patients, whereas in nonobese subjects these values reached a mean of 8.9 µg/ml our results confirm the findings of other studies that have shown that plasma adiponectin levels are lower in males and in patients with cad, obesity, diabetes, or hypertriglyceridemia and are higher in subjects with normal or elevated levels of hdl-c. weyer et al (2001) found that plasma adiponectin levels were also lower in patients with igt as well as diabetes compared with normal subjects

Keywords

Adiponectin ,diabetic ,nondiabetic ,adipose tissue